Chess Strategy
If one conceives a Knight as standing on a corner square of a
rectangle three squares by two, he is able to move into the
corner diagonally opposite.]
The pawns only move straight forward, one square at a time,
except at their first move, when they have the option of moving
two squares. In contrast to the pieces, the pawns do not capture
in the way they move. They move straight forward, but they
capture diagonally to the right and left, again only one square,
and only forward. Therefore a pawn can only capture such pieces
or pawns as occupy squares of the same colour as the square on
which it stands. If, in moving two squares, a pawn traverses a
square on which it could have been captured by a hostile pawn,
that pawn has the right to capture it, as if it had moved only
one square. This is called capturing EN PASSANT. However, this
capture can only be effected on the very next move, otherwise the
privilege of capturing en passant is lost.
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8 | | | | | | | | |
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7 | | | | | | | | |
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6 | | | | * | | * | | |
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5 | | | * | | | | * | |
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4 | | | | | ^Kt| | | |
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3 | | | * | | | | * | |
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2 | | | | * | | * | | |
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1 | | | | | | | | |
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A B C D E F G H
Diag. 2.
If a player succeeds in reaching the eighth rank with one of his
pawns he is entitled to call for any piece of higher grade, with
the exception of the King, in place of such pawn.
Each move in a game of chess consists of the displacement of one
piece only, with the exception of what is termed "castling," in
which the King and either Rook can be moved simultaneously by
either player once in a game. In castling, the King moves
sideways to the next square but one, and the Rook to which the
King is moved is placed on the square which the King has skipped
over. Castling is only allowed if neither the King nor the Rook
concerned have moved before, and if there is no piece between the
Rook and King.
Diagram 3 shows a position in which White has castled on the
Queen's side, and Black on the King's side. Castling is not
permitted if the King in castling must pass over a square
attacked by a hostile piece. A square (or a piece) is said to be
"attacked" when the square (or the piece) is in the line of
action of a hostile unit. A square (or a piece) is said to be
covered or protected if an opposing piece occupying that square
(or capturing the piece) could itself be captured.
When attacking the King it is customary to call "check," to
notify the opponent of the fact; for the attack on the King
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8 | | | | #R | | #R | #K | |
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7 | #P | #P | | | | #P | #P | #P |
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6 | | | #P | | #P | | | |
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5 | | | | | | | | |
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4 | | | | ^P | | | | |
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3 | | | | | | | | |
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2 | ^P | ^P | ^P | | | ^P | ^P | ^P |
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1 | | | ^K | ^R | | | | ^R |
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A B C D E F G H
Diag. 3.
must be met in some way or other. This can be done by capturing
the attacker or by interposing a piece (this is not possible in
case of attack by a Knight or a pawn), or lastly by moving the
King to a square which is not attacked. The latter must not be
done by castling. If it is impossible by any of the three methods
above mentioned to avoid the attack upon the King, the King is
said to be checkmated, and the game is ended.
If a King is unable to move, though not attacked, and none of his
remaining pieces can move, the King is said to be stale-mated,
and the game is drawn. A game is also drawn when neither side has
sufficient material left to enforce a mate. (Compare page 63.)
If a player resigns his game before he is actually mated, he
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